| Screening | Who needs it | How often |
| APGAR (a test to determine how well an infant tolerated the birthing process and is adapting to his or her new environment) | All newborns | 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth |
| Congenital hypothyroidism | All newborns | 2 to 4 days of age |
| Hearing loss | All newborns | Before leaving hospital or at 1 month of age |
| Elevated lead levels | All year-old infants* and children ages 1 to 5 years who are at average or increased risk | Yearly |
| Iron-deficiency anemia | All infants between 6 and 12 months* and children ages 1 to 5 years who are at average or increased risk | Yearly |
| Newborn screenings (some states require 29 or more tests for infections and disorders) | All newborns | Before leaving hospital |
| Phenylketonuria | All newborns | Before leaving hospital |
| Prevention of dental caries | Children ages 6 months to 5 years whose primary water source is deficient in fluoride | At routine exams; first dental visit recommended at one year of age |
| Sickle cell disease | Newborns | Birth to 2 months of age |
| Visual impairments | Children younger than 5 years | At well-child/routine exams |
| Immunization | Who needs it | How often |
| Hepatitis B vaccine (monovalent) | All infants | At birth, between 1 and 4 months, and a final dose at 6 to 18 months |
| Diphtheria | All infants | At 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and a fourth dose six months after third dose |
| Tetanus toxoids | All infants | At 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and a fourth dose six months after third dose |
| Acellular pertussis | All infants | At 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and a fourth dose six months after third dose |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate | All infants | At 2 months and 4 months |
| Inactivated poliovirus | All infants | At 2 months, 4 months, 6 to 18 months, and a booster at 4 to 6 years) |
| Pneumococcal (conjugate) | All infants | At 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and at 12 to 15 months |
| Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) | All infants | First dose between 12 and 15 months, and the second dose at ages 4 to 6 years, or before starting kindergarten |
| Chickenpox (varicella) | Those infants who have not contracted chickenpox | Between 12 and 15 months, and the second dose at ages 4 to 6 years |
| Flu (seasonal); trivalent inactivated influenza | All infants | At 6 months, and then annually during flu season |
| Hepatitis A | All infants | At ages 12 to 23 months, with a second dose at least six months after the first dose |
| Rotavirus | All infants | At 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months (must be started before 14 weeks, 6 days of age) |
